The unit hydrograph transforms excess rainfall into runoff hydrograph. It is useful when flood volume and timing are important, not only peak discharge.

Recommended workflow

  1. Estimate catchment lag time and time of concentration.
  2. Prepare design storm hyetograph for selected return period.
  3. Separate losses to obtain excess rainfall.
  4. Apply unit hydrograph ordinates and superpose rainfall blocks.
  5. Add baseflow if required and check peak timing against catchment response.

Quick design table

ItemCheck
Loss modelUse consistent infiltration or abstraction assumption.
Time stepSmall enough to capture peak but not too noisy.
ValidationCompare with observed hydrographs if available.
Document the selected time of concentration formula because it strongly affects peak flow.